The optical signal in a hollow-core photonic bandgap fibre is guided through an air core surrounded by a PBG microstructured region with a high air fill factor (>90%). Coupled with the low sensitivity to bending due to the high NA of the core, this gives this fibre design significantly reduced material non-linearities, since more than 95% of the optical power is propagated in air. In addition, undoped silica in air offers excellent temperature immunity, which is essential for high-performance fibre optic sensing and metrology applications.